Abstract
In this work, we show that a large class of models with a composite dark sector undergo a strong first order phase transition in the early Universe, which could lead to a detectable gravitational wave signal. We summarize the basic conditions for a strong first order phase transition for SU(N) dark sectors with n_{f} flavors, calculate the gravitational wave spectrum and show that, depending on the dark confinement scale, it can be detected at eLISA or in pulsar timing array experiments. The gravitational wave signal provides a unique test of the gravitational interactions of a dark sector, and we discuss the complementarity with conventional searches for new dark sectors. The discussion includes the twin Higgs and strongly interacting massive particle models as well as symmetric and asymmetric composite dark matter scenarios.
Highlights
In this work, we show that a large class of models with a composite dark sector undergo a strong first order phase transition in the early Universe, which could lead to a detectable gravitational wave signal
Introduction.—Violent phenomena in the early Universe can lead to large anisotropic fluctuations in the energy momentum tensor, which act as sources for gravitational waves (GW)
GWs propagate through space almost undisturbed, and can serve as a unique probe of processes in the early Universe
Summary
CERN, Theory Division, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland (Received 1 June 2015; revised manuscript received 2 September 2015; published 26 October 2015). We show that a large class of models with a composite dark sector undergo a strong first order phase transition in the early Universe, which could lead to a detectable gravitational wave signal. Today we know that both the QCD PT and the EWPT are not first order, but proceed through a smooth crossover [5,6,7,8], and can not produce a strong GW signal through the usual mechanism. This can, be changed in models beyond the SM.
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