Abstract
In recent years, superfluid dark matter (SfDM) has become a competitive model of emergent modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND) scenario: MOND phenomenons naturally emerge as a derived concept due to an extra force mediated between baryons by phonons as a result of axionlike particles condensed as superfluid at galactic scales; Beyond galactic scales, these axionlike particles behave as normal fluid without phonon-mediated MOND-like force between baryons, therefore SfDM also maintains the usual success of $\Lambda$CDM at cosmological scales. In this paper, we use gravitational waves (GWs) to probe the relevant parameter space of SfDM. GWs through Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) could propagate with a speed slightly deviation from the speed-of-light due to the change in the effective refractive index, which depends on the SfDM parameters and GW-source properties. We find that Five hundred meter Aperture Spherical Telescope (FAST), Square Kilometre Array (SKA) and International Pulsar Timing Array (IPTA) are the most promising means as GW probe of relevant parameter space of SfDM. Future space-based GW detectors are also capable of probing SfDM if a multimessenger approach is adopted.
Highlights
Despite the success of ΛCDM model at linear order and cosmological scales, there are two discordances that haunt the cosmologists and astronomers for decades: the galactic discordances and cosmic discordances
(3) Besides the baryonic Tully-Fisher relation (BTFR) and mass discrepancy-acceleration relation (MDAR) along with other Kepler-like galactic laws [7] leading to the same critical acceleration scale, the galaxy rotation curve can be made universal [15] if one properly normalizes the radial distance, regardless as to whether the galaxy is of high surface brightness (HSB) or low surface brightness (LSB)
We have studied the possibility that probing the relevant parameter space of superfluid dark matter (SfDM) with gravitational waves (GWs)
Summary
Despite the success of ΛCDM model at linear order and cosmological scales, there are two discordances that haunt the cosmologists and astronomers for decades: the galactic discordances and cosmic discordances. (3) Besides the BTFR and MDAR along with other Kepler-like galactic laws [7] leading to the same critical acceleration scale, the galaxy rotation curve can be made universal [15] if one properly normalizes the radial distance, regardless as to whether the galaxy is of high surface brightness (HSB) or low surface brightness (LSB) This universal rotation curve (URC) [16] once again indicates that somehow the dynamics know intimately about the distribution of light, which will be too fine-tuning if DM is told to do the same thing.
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