Abstract
A new dark sector consisting of a pure non-abelian gauge theory has no renormalizable interaction with SM particles, and can thereby realise gravitational Dark Matter (DM). Gauge interactions confine at a scale ΛDM giving bound states with typical lifetimes tau sim {M}_{mathrm{P}1}^4/{Lambda}_{mathrm{DM}}^5 that can be DM candidates if ΛDM is below 100 TeV. Furthermore, accidental symmetries of group-theoretical nature produce special gravitationally stable bound states. In the presence of generic Planck-suppressed operators such states become long-lived: SU(N) gauge theories contain bound states with tau sim {M}_{mathrm{P}1}^8/{Lambda}_{mathrm{DM}}^9 ; even longer lifetimes τ = (MPl/ΛDM)2N−4/ΛDM arise from SO(N) theories with N ≥ 8, and possibly from F4 or E8. We compute their relic abundance generated by gravitational freeze-in and by inflationary fluctuations, finding that they can be viable DM candidates for ΛDM ≳ 1010 GeV.
Highlights
Where MPl = √8πM Pl = 1.2 × 1019 GeV is the Planck mass, and LSM and LDM describe the renormalizable interactions in the SM and Dark Matter (DM) sectors
A new dark sector consisting of a pure non-abelian gauge theory has no renormalizable interaction with SM particles, and can thereby realise gravitational Dark Matter (DM)
Ignoring possibly large but model-dependent effects we find that pure gravitational production during inflation is subleading
Summary
Dark vectors are stable, being the only states charged under the dark gauge group. At dark temperatures TDM ΛDM they acquire mass through confinement, forming dark glueballs (DG) with mass MDG ∼ ΛDM. Thereby DM candidates arise if some bound state made of dark vectors is long-lived enough. RG running of αDM = gD2 M/4π is given, in one loop approximation, by. Where CG is the quadratic Casimir of the group G. We define dG as the dimension of the group G, so that CG = N and dG = N 2 − 1 for G = SU(N ); and CG = 2(N − 2), dG = N (N − 1)/2 for SO(N ). The running dark gauge coupling is related to the energy scale ΛDM at which the dark sector confines, αDM(ΛDM) ∼ 4π, by
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