Abstract
The submillimeter universe has now been explored with the Submillimeter Common-User Bolometer Array camera on the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope, and a claim has been made to the presence of a new population of optically unidentified star-forming galaxies at high redshifts (z3). Such a population dramatically alters current views on the star formation history of the universe as well as galaxy formation and evolution. Recently, new radio identifications of the Hubble Deep Field submillimeter sources have led to the suggestion that some of these sources are at low redshifts; however, the submillimeter source redshift distribution is still not well determined. Here we present an upper limit to the average redshift z by comparing the expected number of gravitationally lensed submillimeter sources that are due to foreground cluster potentials with the current observed statistics of such lensed sources. The upper limit depends on the cosmological parameters, and at the 68% confidence level, z<3.1, 4.8, 5.2, or 8.0 for (Ωm, ΩΛ) values of (0.3, 0.7), (0.5, 0.5), (0.3, 0.0), or (1.0, 0.0), respectively. These upper limits are consistent with the redshift distribution for 850 μm sources implied by star formation history models that are based on measured background radiation at far-infrared and submillimeter wavelengths.
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