Abstract
Long Island Sound has some important estuarine characteristics including tidal motions transmitted from the sea and a dilution of seawater with fresh-water. Longitudinal salinity and associated density gradients exist in the Sound throughout the year and maintain non-tidal two-layer gravitational circulation. The volume transport due to this circulation has been determined from simple dynamic computations based on a force balance between the vertical gradient of the turbulent stress resulting from tidal motions and the pressure gradient resulting from horizontal density variations. Data from four hydrographic cruises conducted in the Sound by Marine Sciences Research Center were used to evaluate the horizontal pressure gradient. The transport computations indicate that gravitational circulation is well-developed in the western and central Sound and intense in the eastern Sound.
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