Grassroots Canadian Muslim Identity in the Prairie City of Winnipeg: A Case Study of 2nd and 1.5 Generation Canadian Muslims

Abstract

vi Acknowledgements vii Chapter 1: Introduction Introduction 1 Researcher Positioning 6 Historical Context 9 Winnipeg, Manitoba 16 Muslims in Winnipeg, Manitoba 17 Organization and Institutionalization of Muslims in Manitoba 29 The Project 38 Chapter 2: Literature Review Literature Review 41 1 Identity 42 1.1 Identity: A Dynamic Dialogue of Deep Self-Definitions and Social Constructions ...... 42 1.2 Identity: The Social Aspect: Religion, Boundaries and Communities 44 1.3 Identity: Immigrants and Generations 46 2 What Constitutes Canadian Identity 53 2.1 Christian Foundations 53 2.2 Belonging Though Diversity and Multiculturalism 54 2.3 Belonging Through Citizenship 55 2.4 Belonging Through Organization 56 2.5 ‘Canadian’ 57 3. Canadian Muslim 58 4. Other-Ness: Muslims as Others 59 Conclusions 62 Chapter 3: Theory and Methodology Theory 64 Method and Approach 69