Grasses and field crops reduce the concentration of resting spores of Plasmodiophora brassicae in soil under controlled conditions

Abstract

AbstractClubroot, caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae, dramatically reduces yields of brassica crops, and once present in a field, can persist in the soil for many years via long‐lived resting spores. Some nonhost crops can stimulate the germination of resting spores, which reduces clubroot inoculum because the pathogen cannot complete its life cycle in the absence of a living host. The effect of selected grasses and other field crops on the concentrations of spores in soil was assessed in two replicated and repeated short‐duration (8‐week) studies under controlled conditions. The spore concentration declined precipitously in the bare soil control relative to the initial spore concentration over the course of both studies. Cultivars of meadow bromegrass, smooth bromegrass and one cultivar of perennial ryegrass reduced the spore concentration compared to the bare soil control in both repetitions of one study, while two cultivars of perennial ryegrass did not reduce the spore concentration. In a second study, spring wheat, perennial ryegrass, barley and field pea reduced spores compared to the bare soil control, but soybean did not. Our hypothesis that larger root systems would produce larger reductions in spore numbers was not supported; there was no correlation between root weight and reduction in spore concentration. We conclude that perennial grasses, spring cereals and field pea can contribute to the reduction of clubroot spores in soil. The advantage of grass crops over annual crops for clubroot management is that movement of infested soil is minimized over the entire duration of the grass stand.