Abstract
The natural convection of nanofluids in a two-dimensional enclosure is numerically simulated. The effects of nanoparticle concentration and Grashof number (Gr) on heat transfer properties are investigated. The results indicate that for a given initial Gr value, the heat transfer rate of the nanofluid increases remarkably with the increase of nanoparticles mass fraction, and that for low Gr value the heat transfer process is dominant with the heat exchange, while for high Gr value it is dominant with the natural convection. In addition, the intensity of the streamline is increased with the increases of the Gr values.
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