Graphitic carbon nitride/graphene nanoflakes hybrid system for electrochemical sensing of DNA bases in meat samples

J Kalaiyarasi,K Pandian,Santheraleka Ramanathan,Subash C B Gopinath

doi:10.1038/s41598-020-69578-8

Abstract

This research presents a simple, fast and simultaneous electrochemical quantitative determination of nucleobases, for example guanine (G), adenine (A), and thymine (T) in a beef and chicken livers samples to measure the quality of food products based on hybrids of graphitic carbon nitride/Graphene nanoflakes (g-C3N4/GNF) modified electrode. Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) made of graphite-like covalent link connects nitrogen, nitride, and carbon atoms in the structural design with improved the electrical properties and low band gap semiconductor. The g-C3N4/GNF nanocomposite was synthesized by the hydrothermal treatment to form a porous g-C3N4 interconnected three dimensional (3D) network of g-C3N4 and GNF. The 3D g-C3N4/GNF/GCE was utilized for the detection of nucleic acid bases with a well resolved oxidation peak for the individual analyte. The electrocatalytic current was established to be a linear range from 0.3 × 10–7 to 6.6 × 10–6, 0.3 × 10–7 to 7.3 × 10–6, and 5.3 × 10−6 to 63.3 × 10−4 M for G, A, and T with a detection limit of 4.7, 3.5 and 55 nM, respectively. The diffusion co-efficient and the kinetic parameters were derived from the chronoamperometry technique. The proposed sensing strategy has been effectively used for the application in real sample analysis and observed that the electrode free from the surface fouling.

Highlights

Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) is essentially linked by nitrogen atoms through a π-conjugation and covalent bonding of carbon, considered to be the most stable allotropes with chemical and high thermal stability
When the electron beam detaches the secondary electrons ejected from the graphitic carbon nitride, the image processed were porous sheet like architectures as depicted in Fig. 1A, while processing the secondary electrons ejected from the graphene nanoflakes (GNF), the morphological features were found to be bunch of GNFs (Fig. 1B)
When porous g-C3N4 was incorporated into the GNF sheets in the form of hybrid nanocomposite, unique morphological features were observed as nanorods are distributed over the sheet like features of GNF sheets

Summary

Introduction

Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) is essentially linked by nitrogen atoms through a π-conjugation and covalent bonding of carbon, considered to be the most stable allotropes with chemical and high thermal stability. An enhanced oxidation peak current of DNA bases was noted at Nafion/g-C3N4/GNF/GCE was improved greatly compared with the bare GC Electrode. Electrochemical oxidation of DNA bases at Nafion/g‐C3N4/GNF/GCE.

Results

Conclusion