Abstract
Graphene has been a prominent choice as a base material for supporting varieties of inorganic and organic materials in scientific research and innovation due to its superior physico-chemical properties. Electrochemical sensors have been prepared by the use of a variety of nanoparticles and based on graphene which effectively supported on the surface of glassy carbon electrode through different methods. Graphene supported sensors have been utilized to detect and determine different electroactive species in samples. Many characterization techniques such as Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Energy dispersion spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), UV–Vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) have been successfully applied to explore the properties of graphene supported nanomaterials. Applications of the sensors have been assessed using signals from electrochemical measurements such as: cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The results obtained from these measurements have data of wide liner range with small detection limit. Most of the results also clarified that the sensors were used to detect respective species with high sensitivity, and good stability. The electrochemical sensing of H2O2, hydrazine, dopamine, sunset yellow, flavonoids, caffeine, glucose, L-lactic acid, chrysophanol, etc., by graphene and graphene oxide-based nanomaterials has also been discussed in detail. This fact proved that there is a bright future for the development of portable sensors used in a variety of applications. The present review is focussed on exploring the synthetic methods, characterization and sensor applications of various graphene supported nanomaterials.
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