Abstract
The layered van der Waals (vdW) heterostructure, assembled from monolayer graphene, hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) and other atomic crystals in various combinations, is emerging as a new paradigm with which to attain desired electronic and optical properties. In this paper, we study theoretically the mid-infrared optical properties of the vdW heterostructure based on the graphene–h-BN system. The light–matter interaction of this heterostructure system is described by the hyperbolic phonon–plasmon polaritons which originate from the coupling modes of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) in graphene with hyperbolic phonon polaritons (HPPs) in h-BN. By numerical simulation, we find that the coupling modes are governed by the Fermi level of monolayer graphene, the thickness of the h-BN slab and the mode excitation sequence of SPPs and HPPs. Moreover, the response of the coupling modes of the graphene–h-BN heterostructure on a noble metal layer is also proposed in this paper.
Highlights
In recent years, two-dimensional (2D) materials and layered materials including graphene, hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have attracted major attention for applications in optoelectronics and technology such as vibrational spectroscopy and stimulated Raman scattering [1,2,3,4,5,6]
Coupling the theoretical modelsofbased on different excitation graphene–h-BN surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs)–hyperbolic phonon polaritons (HPPs) coupling system
This can be where λgraphene is the corresponding SPPs’ wavelength. This formula clearly shows that the influence explained by the intensity of SPPs in graphene excitation which is much lower than HPPs in h-BN
Summary
Two-dimensional (2D) materials and layered materials including graphene, hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have attracted major attention for applications in optoelectronics and technology such as vibrational spectroscopy and stimulated Raman scattering [1,2,3,4,5,6]. SPPs modes of coherent oscillations of the electron density in graphene and HPPs modes of the atomic vibrations in h-BN produce hybrid plasmon–phonon modes [24,25,26] These hybrid modes, regarded as an advanced version of 2D metamaterials, can absorb the virtues of both the hyperbolic dielectric h-BN and graphene by offering more freedom to manipulate infrared. In graphene and HPPs modes of the atomic vibrations in h-BN produce hybrid plasmon–phonon modes have been demonstrated sub-diffraction polariton propagation and sub-wavelength imaging modes [24,25,26]. These hybrid modes, regarded as an advanced version of 2D metamaterials, can with nanoscale resolution absorb the virtues of[19,23]. The light–matter properties of different materials in our coupling system are discussed
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