Abstract
Graphene has unique properties which make it an ideal material for photonic and optoelectronic devices. However, the low light absorption in monolayer graphene seriously limits its practical applications. In order to greatly enhance the light absorption of graphene, many graphene-based structures have been developed to achieve perfect absorption of incident waves. In this review, we discuss and analyze various types of graphene-based perfect absorption structures in the visible to terahertz band. In particular, we review recent advances and optoelectronic applications of such structures. Indeed, the graphene-based perfect absorption structures offer the promise of solving the key problem which limits the applications of graphene in practical optoelectronic devices.
Highlights
Graphene is a novel two-dimensional (2D) material, which has been studied widely due to its unique properties
The absorption of graphene can be tuned by controlling the carrier density of graphene, and perfect absorption of graphene has been experimentally realized by combing a graphene capacitor with a metallic surface [16] or by employing coherent illumination [17]
Graphene-based perfect absorption has been demonstrated by utilizing localized surface plasmon resonances of metals [32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43], Fabry–Pérot cavity resonances [44,45], photonic crystal cavity mode [46], guided mode resonances [47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66], or by using prism coupling [67,68], aperiodic multilayer microstructures [69] and coherent illumination [70,71]
Summary
Graphene is a novel two-dimensional (2D) material, which has been studied widely due to its unique properties. In the visible and near-IR band, graphene can hardly support plasmons due to the limits of doping or gating level, and the absorption of graphene was normally enhanced by coupling graphene with metallic or dielectric resonant structures In this band region, graphene-based perfect absorption has been demonstrated by utilizing localized surface plasmon resonances of metals [32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43], Fabry–Pérot cavity resonances [44,45], photonic crystal cavity mode [46], guided mode resonances [47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66], or by using prism coupling [67,68], aperiodic multilayer microstructures [69] and coherent illumination [70,71]. We will highlight the perspectives and challenges of graphene-based perfect absorption structures
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