Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women, and its incidence increases annually. Traditional therapies have several side effects, leading to the urgent need to explore new smart drug-delivery systems and find new therapeutic strategies. Graphene-based nanomaterials (GBNs) are potential drug carriers due to their target selectivity, easy functionalization, chemosensitization and high drug-loading capacity. Previous studies have revealed that GBNs play an important role in fighting breast cancer. Here, we have summarized the superior properties of GBNs and modifications to shape GBNs for improved function. Then, we focus on the applications of GBNs in breast cancer treatment, including drug delivery, gene therapy, phototherapy, and magnetothermal therapy (MTT), and as a platform to combine multiple therapies. Their advantages in enhancing therapeutic effects, reducing the toxicity of chemotherapeutic drugs, overcoming multidrug resistance (MDR) and inhibiting tumor metastasis are highlighted. This review aims to help evaluate GBNs as therapeutic strategies and provide additional novel ideas for their application in breast cancer therapy.
Highlights
On December 15, 2020, the International Agency for Research on Cancer of the World Health Organization released global cancer burden data on its official website, noting the 2.26 million new cases of breast cancer in the world and that breast cancer had officially replaced lung cancer as the world’s most common cancer [1]
Adriamycin localizes to the nuclei of breast cancer cells by escaping the recognition and export effects of P-gp when graphene oxide (GO) is used as a carrier, resulting in the reversal of drug resistance [140]. These results suggest that the utilization of Graphene-based nanomaterials (GBNs) as chemotherapeutic carriers is attractive for multidrug resistance (MDR) breast cancer treatment
The obtained composites exhibited a stronger photothermal therapy (PTT) effect and higher PA contrast than pure Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) or polydopamine-rGO [186]. These results demonstrate that the combined phototherapy strategy is a promising strategy for breast cancer treatment
Summary
On December 15, 2020, the International Agency for Research on Cancer of the World Health Organization released global cancer burden data on its official website, noting the 2.26 million new cases of breast cancer in the world and that breast cancer had officially replaced lung cancer as the world’s most common cancer [1]. As 2D nanomaterials, GBNs have the unique advantages of an ultrathin structure, a large surface area, good electrical conductivity, excellent optical performance, good mechanical properties and so on, so both pristine and modified GBNs have drawn research interest from a wide range of fields [5]. A single sheet of sp bonded carbon atoms, has a large surface area of approximately 2630 m2/g, and the surface groups of GBNs are easy to modify, giving them the advantages of a high drug-loading capacity, targeting specificity, and intelligent controlled release patterns [6, 7]. GBNs have the advantages of low cost and large-scale preparation Because of these attractive characteristics, GBNs are widely used in biomedical fields; GBNs are expected to bring new methods for the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer
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