Abstract
Although the formation of nanographenes such as graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) has been widely investigated, the formation methods are still severely limited by the lack of a suitable method for applying them. To address this, we investigated the use of soft X-rays to form GNRs. Precursor films were prepared by hot mesh deposition (HMD) using pentacene molecules and H2 gas. Various nanocarbon films, namely pentacene, 6,13-dihydropentacene, and a mixture of pentacene, 6,13-dihydropentacene, and pentacene oligomers were prepared by HMD then irradiated using soft X-rays generated in the NewSUBARU synchrotron radiation facility. The properties of the nanocarbon films synthesized from pentacene, 6,13-dihydropentacene, and pentacene oligomers by soft X-ray irradiation differed. The hydrogen desorption and catalytic effect of the Ni film on the quartz substrate during soft X-ray irradiation enhanced the polymerization of pentacene. The pentacene oligomers acted as nuclei for graphene formation. Although GNRs were not synthesized by soft X-ray irradiation, graphene was obtained with a high yield at a low temperature of 760 °C.
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