Graphene Scroll-Coated α-MnO2 Nanowires as High-Performance Cathode Materials for Aqueous Zn-Ion Battery.

Abstract

The development of manganese dioxide as the cathode for aqueous Zn-ion battery (ZIB) is limited by the rapid capacity fading and material dissolution. Here, a highly reversible aqueous ZIB using graphene scroll-coated α-MnO2 as the cathode is proposed. The graphene scroll is uniformly coated on the MnO2 nanowire with an average width of 5 nm, which increases the electrical conductivity of the MnO2 nanowire and relieves the dissolution of the cathode material during cycling. An energy density of 406.6 Wh kg-1 (382.2 mA h g-1 ) at 0.3 A g-1 can be reached, which is the highest specific energy value among all the cathode materials for aqueous Zn-ion battery so far, and good long-term cycling stability with 94% capacity retention after 3000 cycles at 3 A g-1 are achieved. Meanwhile, a two-step intercalation mechanism that Zn ions first insert into the layers and then the tunnels of MnO2 framework is proved by in situ X-ray diffraction, galvanostatic intermittent titration technique, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy characterizations. The graphene scroll-coated metallic oxide strategy can also bring intensive interests for other energy storage systems.