Graphene research and their outputs: Status and prospect

Abstract

Among various 2D materials, graphene has received extensive research attention in the last 2-3 decades due to its fascinating properties. The discovery of graphene provided an immense boost up and new dimension to materials research and nanotechnology. The multidisciplinary characteristics of graphene havea wide range of applications from health to aerospace. Modern graphene research has been directed towards the exploration of new graphene derivatives and their utilisations for fabrication of products and devices. The enhancement of graphene properties by functionalization or surface modification is another innovative approach. However, like other 2D materials, graphene research also needs amendments and up-gradation in the light of recent scientific output. In this contribution, we have reassessed the recent research output on graphene and graphene-based materials for applications in different fields. For the reader's comfort and to maintain lucidity, first, some fundamental aspects of graphene are discussed and then recent overviews in graphene research are explored in a systematic manner. Overall, this review article provides an outline of graphene in terms of fundamental properties, cutting-edge research and applications. • New advances in fundamental properties of Graphene and their derivatives. • Overview of graphene research in terms of graphene production, physical properties, and real time applications. • Engineering applications of graphene-based nanomaterials in various devices and their importance. • Future challenges in time-dependent compatibility and interactions of graphene and its derivatives in vivo and in vitro conditions.