Abstract
Paper spray ionization (PSI) is a promising analytical tool for direct analysis in mass spectrometry (MS). However, this technique usually uses chromatographic paper, which rarely accomplishes a stable MS signal and could vary with the sample matrix effect. In the present study, the application of graphene oxides (GO) was scrutinized as modifier paper substrate for PSI-MS methods. The developed substrate efficiency was evaluated towards creatinine determination in urine samples. The GO-PSI-MS developed method for creatinine in urine samples showed linearity in the range of 0.1 to 3.4 ppm with R2 = 0.9991. The precision was evaluated and the values were between 1.1 to 6.8% and the accuracy above 96.8%. The limit of quantification (LOQ) and limit of detection (LOD) were 0.05 and 0.17 ppm, respectively. The GO-PSI developed was compared to conventional chromatographic paper for PSI-MS methods, and the results showed that the modified paper with GO bolsters method linearity, precision, and LOQ values.
Highlights
Introduced in 2010 by Wang et al.,[1] paper spray ionization mass spectrometry (PSI-MS) is a new ambient mass spectrometry technique for qualitative and quantitative analysis of complex matrices, presented to be the simplest as possible compared to desorption electrospray (DESI) and direct analysis in real time (DART).[1]
The basic strategy was the preparation of graphite oxide from graphite through reaction with benzoyl peroxide (BPO), complete exfoliation of graphene oxides (GO) on graphene oxide sheets, followed by in situ reductions of reduced graphene oxide nanoplatelets
Graphene oxide was synthesized and immobilized onto cellulose paper surface, and afterward the developed substrate was used in Paper spray ionization (PSI)-MS method for creatinine determination in urine samples
Summary
Introduced in 2010 by Wang et al.,[1] paper spray ionization mass spectrometry (PSI-MS) is a new ambient mass spectrometry technique for qualitative and quantitative analysis of complex matrices, presented to be the simplest as possible compared to desorption electrospray (DESI) and direct analysis in real time (DART).[1]. GO was chemically immobilized onto a chromatographic paper surface and employed as a substrate for PSI-MS method for creatinine determination in urine samples. With the aid of a micropipette, 10 μL of urine sample were directly spiked on the GO-paper surface, and 10 μL acid solvent (0.1% formic acid in methanol) were added to enhance creatinine ionization.[37] After that, a high voltage (3.0 kV) was applied to the paper to generate an electrospray, and mass spectra were recorded.
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