Graphene Oxide Scaffold Stimulates Differentiation and Proangiogenic Activities of Myogenic Progenitor Cells.

Mateusz Wierzbicki,Malwina Sosnowska,Jaśmina Bałaban,André Chwalibog,Marta Kutwin,Ewa Sawosz,Barbara Wójcik,Aleksandra Wędzińska,Sławomir Jaworski,Anna Hotowy

doi:10.3390/ijms21114173

Abstract

The physiological process of muscle regeneration is quite limited due to low satellite cell quantity and also the inability to regenerate and reconstruct niche tissue. The purpose of the study was to examine whether a graphene oxide scaffold is able to stimulate myogenic progenitor cell proliferation and the endocrine functions of differentiating cells, and therefore, their active participation in the construction of muscle tissue. Studies were carried out using mesenchymal cells taken from 6-day-old chicken embryos and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were used to assess angiogenesis. The graphene scaffold was readily colonized by myogenic progenitor cells and the cells dissected from heart, brain, eye, and blood vessels did not avoid the scaffold. The scaffold strongly induced myogenic progenitor cell signaling pathways and simultaneously activated proangiogenic signaling pathways via exocrine vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion. The present study revealed that the graphene oxide (GO) scaffold initiates the processes of muscle cell differentiation due to mechanical interaction with myogenic progenitor cell.

Highlights

Degradation, degeneration, and surgical removal are among the most common causes of muscle loss
The present study revealed that the graphene oxide (GO) scaffold initiates the processes of muscle cell differentiation due to mechanical interaction with myogenic progenitor cell
The interactions between these factors are not fully understood. It seems that designing an appropriate niche—one that is optimally suited for promoting cellular regeneration—is the most difficult challenge faced by researchers who aim to enhance the regeneration of muscle tissue [2]

Summary

Introduction

Degradation, degeneration, and surgical removal are among the most common causes of muscle loss. Despite the ability of muscle cells to regenerate, the physiological process of regeneration is quite limited. This is because there exist a limited number of satellite cells, and a result of the inability of a muscle to regenerate and reconstruct its niche. The interactions between these factors are not fully understood It seems that designing an appropriate niche—one that is optimally suited for promoting cellular regeneration—is the most difficult challenge faced by researchers who aim to enhance the regeneration of muscle tissue [2]. Many studies have been devoted to the invention and adaptation of synthetic or biological niche environments for tissue engineering

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Methods

Results