Abstract
This work aims to evaluate the potential of using textile waste in smart textile applications in the form of a hybrid fibre with electrical properties. The bio-based electrically conductive fibres were fabricated from waste wool and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) via wet spinning with different wool content. The control PAN and hybrid fibre produced with the highest amount of wool content (25% w/v) were coated with graphene oxide (GO) using the "brushing and drying" technique. The GO nanosheets coated control PAN and wool/PAN hybrid fibres were chemically reduced through hydrazine vapour exposure. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed the presence of both protein and nitrile peaks in the wool/PAN hybrid fibres, although the amide I and amide A groups had disappeared, due to the dissolution of wool. The morphological and structural analysis revealed effective coating and reduction of the fibres through GO nanosheets and hydrazine, respectively. The hybrid fibre showed higher electrical conductivity (~ 180 S/cm) compared to the control PAN fibres (~ 95 S/cm), confirming an effective bonding between the hydroxyl and carboxylic groups of the GO sheets and the amino groups of wool evidenced by chemical analysis. Hence, the graphene oxide incorporated wool/PAN hybrid fibres may provide a promising solution for eco-friendly smart textile applications.
Highlights
This work aims to evaluate the potential of using textile waste in smart textile applications in the form of a hybrid fibre with electrical properties
A gradual deterioration in the crystalline structure of the hybrid fibres with the increment of wool content was evident by the X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis
The WP (25:75) hybrid fibre was coated with graphene oxide (GO) sheets by a simple "brushing and drying" technique, and chemically reduced using hydrazine monohydrate vapour exposure to enhance the electrical conductivity of the fibres
Summary
This work aims to evaluate the potential of using textile waste in smart textile applications in the form of a hybrid fibre with electrical properties. Various approaches have been considered to fabricate the natural fibre-based conductive materials, for example, (i) spraying or coating the fibres with different conductive polymers (PEDOT:PSS, polyaniline, polypyrrole), (ii) application of several carbon fillers (carbon fibres, carbon nanotube, carbon black), and (iii) inserting metals and nanowires into the fibrous structure[5,9,16,17]. Another approach to fabricate conductive fibres is immersing the textile fibres, yarns, or fabrics into hydrophilic graphene oxide (GO) solution with oxygen-related functional groups across the graphitic basal planes or in conductive inks[9,18]. The coating of the wool/PAN hybrid fibre with GO and the subsequent chemical reduction was further characterized by SEM, FTIR, Raman, XRD, mechanical, and electrical properties
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