Abstract
A graphene oxide (GO)-based cortisol biosensor was developed to accurately detect cortisol concentrations from sweat samples at point-of-care (POC) sites. A reference electrode, counter electrode, and working electrode make up the biosensor, and the working electrode was functionalized using multiple layers consisting of GO and antibodies, including Protein A, IgG, and anti-Cab. Sweat samples contact the anti-Cab antibodies to transport electrons to the electrode, resulting in an electrochemical current response. The sensor was tested at each additional functionalization layer and at cortisol concentrations between 0.1 and 150 ng/mL to determine how the current response differed. A potentiostat galvanostat device was used to measure and quantify the electrochemical response in the GO-based biosensor. In both tests, the electrochemical responses were reduced in magnitude with the addition of antibody layers and with increased cortisol concentrations. The proposed cortisol biosensor has increased accuracy with each additional functionalization layer, and the proposed device has the capability to accurately measure cortisol concentrations for diagnostic purposes.
Highlights
Among the many hormones in circulation throughout the body, cortisol (C21 H30 O5 ) is one of the most influential hormones affecting the physiological processes that alter the human body’s homeostasis
Wei et al found that cortisol levels in hair samples increased in patients with first-episodic depression, which indicates that cortisol may be a biomarker for depression [6]
The current is proportional to the cortisol concentration in each sweat sample, indicating that the current will be larger in magnitude as cortisol concentrations are increasing
Summary
Among the many hormones in circulation throughout the body, cortisol (C21 H30 O5 ) is one of the most influential hormones affecting the physiological processes that alter the human body’s homeostasis. Cortisol has a reputation of being the stress hormone [2]. Cortisol levels will fluctuate in a day-long cycle, peaking in the morning, and the hormone is released from an unexpected change experienced [3]. Cortisol has been associated with several common stress-based diseases and other disorders. A review conducted by Kiesner and Granger attempted to see if cortisol dysfunction correlated with the onset of premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMS/PMDD), but further study was warranted to obtain more conclusive findings [5]. A study conducted by Ettman et al found that depression rates tripled since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, making it much more relevant [7]
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