Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) is useful and promising material for graphene based applications in electronic, optics, chemistry, energy storage and biology. At the beginning of graphene history GO was only a simple and cheap step for preparation of single and multilayer graphene films and bulk structures by reduction. The further studies revealed the substantial structure imperfection of graphene oxide derived materials due to the defects in initial graphite and incompletion of reducing process. However, the results of recent research demonstrated a great amount of unique chemical, optical and electronic properties of graphene oxide that allow regarding it as independent nanomaterial possessing a large area of applications. In general, it represents the ultra-large organic molecule containing 2D carbon mesh. Unlike conventional graphene it provides wide range of chemical methods for attachment of various functional groups to its surface for control optical transparency, electrical and thermal conductance. Recently developed methods for preparation of graphene oxide derivatives saturated by carboxyl groups open the new attractive application areas in green technologies including energy storage and utilizing nuclear wastes. The goal of the review is to summarize the results of recent studies of graphene oxide, derivatives and reveal the most promising directions to focus the efforts of researchers.
Highlights
For the beginning its worth answering question: What is graphene oxide? At first graphene oxide (GO) was regarded as result of chemical exfoliation and oxidizing of layered crystalline graphite [1]
Quite recent results demonstrated that the same structure could be obtained using alternative method by hydrothermal treatment of glucose [3] or even by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique [4]
Carbon layers in multilayer GO are separated by functional groups bonded to each layer of carbon atoms
Summary
For the beginning its worth answering question: What is graphene oxide? At first graphene oxide (GO) was regarded as result of chemical exfoliation and oxidizing of layered crystalline graphite (natural or artificial) [1]. Quite recent results demonstrated that the same structure could be obtained using alternative (bottom up) method by hydrothermal treatment of glucose [3] or even by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique [4]. Today it worth giving more general definition on the basis of its structure: single atom carbon layer with both surfaces modified by oxygen containing functional groups. For the first time graphene oxide was synthesized by Benjamin Brody in 1859 much earlier than graphene was discovered [6] He invented method of making the graphite oxide. After more than one and half century after “The rise of graphene [7]” the old invention was recollected as an efficient and cheap way of making the new interesting and promising material
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