Graphene Nanoribbons: Geometric, Electronic, and Magnetic Properties

Abstract

Graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) have one-dimensional structures with hexagonal twodimensional carbon lattices, which are stripes of graphene. Their structures and their electronic and magnetic properties have been intensively studied both experimentally and theoretically. Due to their various edge structures, GNRs present different electronic properties ranging from normal semiconductors to spin-polarized half metals, which opens the possibility of GNRs as electric devices. In this chapter, the geometric, electronic, and magnetic properties of GNRs are discussed. First, the electronic and magnetic properties of pristine GNRs are understood with their special structures. We emphasize the importance of one-dimensional quantum confinement effect and edge states. Secondly, since GNRs have large surface-volume ratio and special edge states, their properties can be modified by many methods, such as doping and adsorption. The electronic property and its response to modulation are described in detail. Finally, the experimental realizations of GNRs are introduced, which provide substantial bases to theoretical prediction of GNRs’ electronic and magnetic properties. Possible future research directions are also discussed.