Abstract
Graphene is a versatile compound with several outstanding properties, providing a combination of impressive surface area, high strength, thermal and electrical properties, with a wide array of functionalization possibilities. This review aims to present an introduction of graphene and presents a comprehensive up-to-date review of graphene as an antimicrobial and coating application in medicine and dentistry. Available articles on graphene for biomedical applications were reviewed from January 1957 to August 2020) using MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect. The selected articles were included in this study. Extensive research on graphene in several fields exists. However, the available literature on graphene-based coatings in dentistry and medical implant technology is limited. Graphene exhibits high biocompatibility, corrosion prevention, antimicrobial properties to prevent the colonization of bacteria. Graphene coatings enhance adhesion of cells, osteogenic differentiation, and promote antibacterial activity to parts of titanium unaffected by the thermal treatment. Furthermore, the graphene layer can improve the surface properties of implants which can be used for biomedical applications. Hence, graphene and its derivatives may hold the key for the next revolution in dental and medical technology.
Highlights
Graphene, having a sp2 configuration, is made from a thin sheet of carbon atoms (Figure 1) [1,2,3]
The animated graphene oxide (AGO) can be produced from the reduction and amination of graphene oxide via two-step liquid phase treatment with hydrobromic acid and ammonia solution in mild conditions [44]
The AGO is biocompatible, has electrical conductivity, and has the tendency to form wrinkled and corrugated graphene layers are observed in the AGO derivative compared to the pristine reduced GO (rGO)
Summary
Graphene, having a sp configuration, is made from a thin sheet of carbon atoms (Figure 1) [1,2,3]. Suchgrowth methods of include mechanical exfoliation of graphite, epitaxial growth of graphene, liquid-phase exfoliation (LPE), chemical chemical vapor deposition, and molecular assembly [3,4,13]. Exfoliation of graphite, epitaxial growth of graphene, liquid‐phase exfoliatio chemical vapor deposition, and molecular assembly [3,4,13]. Chemical vapor deposition of graphene can result in 3D structures having low density, high surface area, and fast electron transport [32,33,34]. These properties are suitable for engineering, nanotechnology, and biomedical applications
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