Abstract
Together with the enhancement of the load-bearing implant process for bone substitution and reproduction, an increasing requirement was observed concerning biodegradable magnesium and its alloys with lighter density and outstanding characteristics. Regardless of the current great potential of Mg utilization currently, the broader use of Mg alloys continues to be constrained by several natural causes, such as low resistance of corrosion, inadequate mechanical integrity during the healing process, and poor antibacterial performance. In this perspective, Mg-based composite encapsulated within graphene family nanomaterials (GFNs) such as graphene (Gr), graphene oxide (GO), graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs), and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) as reinforcement agents present great antibacterial activity, as well as cellular response and depicted numerous benefits for biomedical use. Magnesium matrix nanocomposites reinforced with GFNs possess enhanced mechanical properties and high corrosion resistance (low concentration graphene). It is worth noting that numerous elements including the production technique of the Mg-based composite containing GFNs and the size, distribution, and amounts of GFNs in the Mg-based matrix have a crucial role in their properties and applications. Then, the antibacterial mechanisms of GFN-based composite are briefly described. Subsequently, the antibacterial and strengthening mechanisms of GFN-embedded Mg-based composites are briefly described. This review article is designed to wrap up and explore the most pertinent research performed in the direction of Mg-based composites encapsulated within GFNs. Feasible upcoming investigation directions in the field of GFN-embedded Mg-based composites are discussed in detail.
Highlights
The requirement for impressive metallic biomaterials for synthetic implants is mounting continuously and is anticipated to increase to meet the requirements of consumers with bone injuries and deterioration resulting from accidents, sports-related accidental injuries, or the typical course of Metals 2020, 10, 1002; doi:10.3390/met10081002 www.mdpi.com/journal/metalsMetals 2020, 10, 1002 aging, which generally require biomaterial implants to recover functionality [1]
It was suggested that the uniform distribution of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) in the metal matrix is a crucial issue throughout the fabrication of composites
This review significantly examined the possibilities, current progress, challenges, and upcoming exploration guidelines with regard to graphene family nanomaterials (GFNs) as nano-additives in Mg-based matrices
Summary
The requirement for impressive metallic biomaterials for synthetic implants is mounting continuously and is anticipated to increase to meet the requirements of consumers with bone injuries and deterioration resulting from accidents, sports-related accidental injuries, or the typical course of Metals 2020, 10, 1002; doi:10.3390/met10081002 www.mdpi.com/journal/metals. Attention toward establishing temporary support implants including cardiovascular stents and orthopedic products has increased dramatically [9,11] In this connection, polymers are exceptional in the current medical industry, and Mg-based, Fe-based, and Zn-based alloys possess greater capability as biodegradable materials pertaining to load-bearing purposes due to the fact that they concurrently possess strength and ductility in comparison with polymers [12,13]. Nano-sized reinforcement agents present great possibilities to improve the mechanical characteristics of metal matrices according to the Orowan equation and load-transfer strengthening mechanisms [29,30] Carbonaceous nanomaterials such as graphene and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) appear as essential types of novel materials for structural engineering and practical product applications as a result of their remarkable mechanical characteristics along with outstanding electrical and thermal properties. (GFNs) reproduced from [31], with permission Elsevier, 2019
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