Abstract
The indiscriminate disposal of non-biodegradable, heavy metal ionic pollutants from various sources, such as refineries, pulp industries, lead batteries, dyes, and other industrial effluents, into the aquatic environment is highly dangerous to the human health as well as to the environment. Among other heavy metals, lead (Pb(II)) ions are some of the most toxic pollutants generated from both anthropogenic and natural sources in very large amounts. Adsorption is the simplest, efficient and economic water decontamination technology. Hence, nanoadsorbents are a major focus of current research for the effective and selective removal of Pb(II) metal ions from aqueous solution. Nanoadsorbents based on graphene and its derivatives play a major role in the effective removal of toxic Pb(II) metal ions. This paper summarizes the applicability of graphene and functionalized graphene-based composite materials as Pb(II) ions adsorbent from aqueous solutions. In addition, the synthetic routes, adsorption process, conditions, as well as kinetic studies have been reviewed.
Highlights
Water decontamination is one of the most serious challenges among scientists globally due to the increasing population, pollution, and global warming [1,2,3,4,5]
This paper summarizes the applicability of graphene and functionalized graphene-based composite materials as Pb(II) ions adsorbent from aqueous solutions
This review includes various surface modification approaches and post synthesis, assembly steps, which will enable the exploitation of graphene oxide (GO) as a novel adsorbent material for cost effective water purification and the removal of heavy metals through graphene and its composites, which may be helpful in the purification of potable and safe drinking water as well as the removal of heavy metal ions from wastewaters and to clean up the environmental problems
Summary
Water decontamination is one of the most serious challenges among scientists globally due to the increasing population, pollution, and global warming [1,2,3,4,5]. Carbon nanotubes have significant adsorption capacities for the effective removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions as compared to non-functionalized and activated carbon-based adsorbents [99,138,139,140,141,142]. Electrosorption, a simple, novel, ecofriendly and recently attractive heavy metal ions adsorption technique which does not requires toxic or non-toxic chemicals and involves ideal nanostructured materials with a high surface area (such as activated carbon, carbon nanotubes, and carbon aerogels) onto which an external electric field is applied to remove metal ions from aqueous solutions [93,154,155,156,157]. This review includes various surface modification approaches and post synthesis, assembly steps, which will enable the exploitation of GO as a novel adsorbent material for cost effective water purification and the removal of heavy metals through graphene and its composites, which may be helpful in the purification of potable and safe drinking water as well as the removal of heavy metal ions from wastewaters and to clean up the environmental problems
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