Abstract
This paper provides a simple hybrid design and numerical analysis of the graphene-coated fiber-optic surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor for breast cancer gene-1 early onset (BRCA1) and breast cancer gene-2 early onset (BRCA2) genetic breast cancer detection. Two specific mutations named 916delTT and 6174delT in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 are selected for numerical detection of breast cancer. This sensor is based on the technique of the attenuated total reflection (ATR) method to detect deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) hybridization along with individual point mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. We have numerically shown that momentous changes present in the SPR angle (minimum: 135% more) and surface resonance frequency (SRF) (minimum: 136% more) for probe DNA with various concentrations of target DNA corresponding to a mutation of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. The variation of the SPR angle and SRF for mismatched DNA strands is quite negligible, whereas that for complementary DNA strands is considerable, which is essential for proper detection of genetic biomarkers (916delTT and 6174delT) for early breast cancer. At last, the effect of electric field distribution in inserting graphene layer is analyzed incorporating the finite difference time domain (FDTD) technique by using Lumerical FDTD solution commercial software. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of such a highly efficient biosensor for detecting BRCA1 and BRCA2 breast cancer. Therefore, the proposed biosensor opens a new window toward the detection of breast cancers.
Highlights
A great deal of attention on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) with graphene based biosensors as a leading optical sensing technology has beenArticle type: RegularPhotonic Sensors achieved by the researchers because of their effective applications in numerous fields including medical diagnostics, biomolecule detection, biochemical detection and environmental monitoring [1,2,3], and proteins and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) hybridization [4, 5]
The genetic tendency is responsible for 5% ‒ 10% breast cancer, and over 75% ‒ 80 % of inherited breast cancer cases are owing to mutations in breast cancer gene-1 early onset (BRCA1) and breast cancer gene-2 early onset (BRCA2) genes [1, 2]
We use θSPR-Rmin (SPR angle-minimum reflectance), as detecting attributor, which enhances the sensitivity of 1+0.35×£ and use RFC-Tmax attributor, which enhances the sensitivity of 1+0.36×£ compared with the conventional SPR sensor in [19,20,21,22]
Summary
A great deal of attention on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) with graphene based biosensors as a leading optical sensing technology has been. A numerical modeling of graphenecoated fiber optic SPR biosensor for specific mutations named 916delTT and 6174delT in the BRCA1 and BRCA2, in which genetic early breast cancer is reported. We use θSPR-Rmin (SPR angle-minimum reflectance), as detecting attributor, which enhances the sensitivity of 1+0.35×£ (where £ is the total of graphene coatings) and use RFC-Tmax (resonance frequency characteristics-maximum transmittance) attributor, which enhances the sensitivity of 1+0.36×£ compared with the conventional SPR sensor in [19,20,21,22] At the end of the present study, the effect of electric field distribution on inserting graphene layer is analyzed incorporating the finite difference time domain (FDTD) technique by using Lumerical FDTD solution commercial software
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