Abstract
ABSTRACT In this paper, initially a photonic crystal is proposed with a periodic air gap and its performance is investigated at terahertz frequencies by varying the radius of the air gap. Then a microstrip array antenna on the 2-D photonic crystal using graphene sheet as patch material is designed and its electromagnetic characteristics are analysed and compared with those of the existing non-air gap antenna. The suggested antenna also operates in the multi-frequency terahertz range. Using a photonic band gap (PBG), crystal substrate causes the return loss to rise from −29 to −44 dB. Additionally, the antenna array's bandwidth was increased from 40 to 110 GHz. By using PBG, the gain of the suggested antenna is increased by up to 13 dB, as opposed to 4.81 dB for a substrate that does not use PBG.
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