Graphene Based Nanocomposites: Synthesis, Characterization and Energy Harvesting Applications

Abstract

AbstractNanotechnology and nanoscience have emerged out as one of the most exciting areas of research today. As an inimitable morphological 2-D carbon material, graphene has triggered a gold rush in the nanomaterial society by introducing controlled functional building blocks. Besides, the mechanical, electrical, and optical properties of graphene make it an attractive contender for applications in solar energy conversion and electrochemical energy devices. Graphene based nanocomposites have been preferred greatly due to their low cost, low density, high electron mobility, exceptional optical transmittance, versatile process ability and excellent thermal conductivity. Subsequently, to encounter the global needs, energy scavenging has become an ultimate part of pervasive sensor network. A gold rush has been prompted all over the world for exploiting the possible applications of graphene-based nanomaterials. The best solution to this problem is to improve the photoconversion efficiencies by optimizing materials and device fabrication.In this chapter, first of all we have discussed different synthesis methods of graphene nanocomposites like mechanical exfoliation, chemical vapor deposition, liquid phase exfoliation, electrochemical exfoliation and reduction of graphene oxide. For the elucidation of their structural and morphological characteristics, different techniques including SEM, TEM, Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), UV/Vis absorption spectrum, Raman Spectroscopy, Photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), XRD, Cyclic voltammetry, Impedance spectroscopy, DSC, FTIR and TGA have been discussed. Application potential analysis for graphene-based nanocomposites is discussed based on means including flexible and stretchable electronics, photocatalysis and electrochemical sensing, use in Li-ion batteries, supercapacitors, photovoltaic applications and hydrogen production. Some of the future concerns have also been discussed related to their feasibility, controlled device fabrication of composites, stability and life span of composite, multistep heterogeneous catalysis and safe dumping of environmental contaminants.KeywordsGraphene based nanocompositesEnergyHydrogen productionSolar cells