Abstract
The neural electrode technique is a powerful tool for monitoring and regulating neural activity, which has a wide range of applications in basic neuroscience and the treatment of neurological diseases. Constructing a high-performance electrode–nerve interface is required for the long-term stable detection of neural signals by electrodes. However, conventional neural electrodes are mainly fabricated from rigid materials that do not match the mechanical properties of soft neural tissues, thus limiting the high-quality recording of neuroelectric signals. Meanwhile, graphene-based nanomaterials can form stable electrode–nerve interfaces due to their high conductivity, excellent flexibility, and biocompatibility. In this literature review, we describe various graphene-based electrodes and their potential application in neural activity detection. We also discuss the biological safety of graphene neural electrodes, related challenges, and their prospects.
Highlights
Introduction for Neural Activity DetectionNeural electrodes provide an interface for the effective information transmission between the nervous system and external devices, which can be potentially used in fundamental neuroscience research, such as exploring the mechanisms of cognitive processes and the neural basis of sensory information processing, and help find cures for many neurological diseases [1,2,3]
As an active material for nerve electrodes, graphene has many advantages over other materials that include: (1) high mechanical flexibility that allows close contacts with soft brain tissues and formation of a stable electrode–nerve interface [25]; (2) good electrical conductivity and excellent carrier mobility, which promote the highly sensitive detection of neuroelectric signals by a graphene field-effect transistor [26]; (3) a single atomic layer thickness and ultra-high specific surface area combined with unique electrical properties, which ensure low electrochemical impedance and high charge injection capabilities of graphene neural electrodes that lay the foundation for the effective electrical stimulation of neural tissues [27]; and (4) high transparency and transmittance of a single-layer graphene [28]
Graphene possesses many unique characteristics that allow its potential use as a neural electrode material
Summary
Graphene arranged in in aa hexagonal hexagonal honeycomb honeycomband and Graphene is is composed composed of carbon atoms arranged possesses excellent electrical, mechanical, and chemical properties. SU-8 as an encapsulation layer to obtain a flexible pads and negative photoresist SU-8 as an encapsulation layer to obtain a flexible graphene graphene neural array electrode with high and surface roughness A neural electrode with high charge as the insulating layer, and the fiber ends were lasered. It was found that the Au lead exhibited significant increase in after 100 impedance, cycles of repeated folding These results indicated that graphene addition electrode whereas the impedance of the leadinchanged creased the electrode bending resistance, while the Au-graphene combination ensured high very little after 100 cycles of repeated folding. This electrode successfully tion increased the electrode bending resistance, while the Au-graphene combination enrecorded local field potential (LFP) signals under beard stimulation. This electrode successfully recorded local field potential (LFP) signals under beard stimulation
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