Abstract
Graphene is a 2D material of high quality obtained from a single atom with unique electronic properties. Graphene has the potential to improve the efficiency, versatility, and durability of a wide range of materials and their applications, but its commercial exploitation will require further study. Due to its flatness and semiconductivity in addition to its high surface area, high mechanical rigidity, high thermal stability, superior thermal conductivity, and electrical conductivity, good biocompatibility, and easy functionalization, graphene is the best candidate for multifunctional applications which opened up new possibilities for potential devices and systems. Every type of graphene material is found to exhibit different and unique tunable properties. Graphene is the best candidate in making nanocomposite-based electrochemical sensors. Graphene is among the best electronic materials, but synthesizing a single sheet of graphene has received less attention. The objective of this chapter is to bring awareness to readers on the synthesis, properties, and applications of graphene. The limitations of the current knowledge base and prospective research directions related to graphene materials have also been illustrated.
Highlights
Graphene has received a lot of attention as a multifunctional material in the recent years which is possibly due to its extraordinary properties such as high current density, chemical stability, ballistic transport, optical property, high thermal conductivity, and superior hydrophobicity at the nanoscale
It has been explored that the resistivity of the graphene sheet is superior to that of platinum, the lowest resistivity material known at room temperature. e electrical properties of graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) with zigzag or armchair configurations differ; zigzag GNRs exhibit metallic nature, whereas armchairs behave as either metallic or semiconductor. e energy band gap of armchair GNRs’ was found to vary inversely with their width [5, 6]
Since graphene exhibits a high electron mobility and low Johnson noise, it can be used as a field effect transistor tube (FET)
Summary
Graphene has received a lot of attention as a multifunctional material in the recent years which is possibly due to its extraordinary properties such as high current density, chemical stability, ballistic transport, optical property, high thermal conductivity, and superior hydrophobicity at the nanoscale. E unique electrical properties possessed by graphene have been utilized in applications related to electronics such as transistors, field emitters, integrated circuit modules, transparent conducting electrodes, and electrochemical and biosensors. Since graphene exhibits a high electron (or hole) mobility and low Johnson noise, it can be used as a field effect transistor tube (FET). Is chapter starts with a brief description of the significant properties of graphene, followed by a review on the synthesis technologies, as well as their feasibility and possible applications in fields such as field emission, energy, electronics, photocatalysis, and sensors. E superior properties of modified graphene materials, such as higher surface area and availability of functional groups at the surface compared to CNTs, make them apply for enormous electrochemical sensor arrays Many reports on graphene synthesis are available, with the majority of them relying on mechanical exfoliation from graphite, thermal graphitization of a SiC surface, and more recently, chemical vapor deposition [7,8,9,10,11,12,13]. is chapter starts with a brief description of the significant properties of graphene, followed by a review on the synthesis technologies, as well as their feasibility and possible applications in fields such as field emission, energy, electronics, photocatalysis, and sensors. e superior properties of modified graphene materials, such as higher surface area and availability of functional groups at the surface compared to CNTs, make them apply for enormous electrochemical sensor arrays
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