Abstract
Ketogenic diet therapies (KDTs) are widely used treatments for epilepsy, but the factors influencing their responsiveness remain unknown. This study aimed to explore the predictors or associated factors for KDTs effectiveness by evaluating the subtle changes in brain functional connectivity (FC) before and after KDTs. Segments of interictal sleep electroencephalography (EEG) were acquired before and after six months of KDTs. Analyses of FC were based on network-based statistics and graph theory, with a focus on different frequency bands. Seventeen responders and 14 non-responders were enrolled. After six months of KDTs, the responders exhibited a significant functional connectivity strength decrease compared with the non-responders; reductions in global efficiency, clustering coefficient, and nodal strength in the beta frequency band for a consecutive range of weighted proportional thresholds were observed in the responders. The alteration of betweenness centrality was significantly and positively correlated with seizure reduction rate in alpha, beta, and theta frequency bands in weighted adjacency matrices with densities of 90%. We conclude that KDTs tended to modify minor-to-moderate-intensity brain connections; the reduction of global connectivity and the increment of betweenness centrality after six months of KDTs were associated with better KD effectiveness.
Highlights
Ketogenic dietary therapies (KDTs) are non-pharmacologic treatments based on diets with high fat, low carbohydrate, and adequate protein content
A systemic review indicated that the use of KDTs in childhood epilepsy produced a reduction of more than 50% in seizure frequency in 33% of patients, and 15.6% of patients were seizurefree [1]
Screening for contraindications to KDTs, which included the measurement of serum ammonia, lactate, cholesterol, triglyceride, amino acids and urinary organic acids and the family history of porphyria was performed before treatment initiation
Summary
Ketogenic dietary therapies (KDTs) are non-pharmacologic treatments based on diets with high fat, low carbohydrate, and adequate protein content. They are widely used in the field of refractory epilepsy and neurometabolic disorders. A systemic review indicated that the use of KDTs in childhood epilepsy produced a reduction of more than 50% in seizure frequency in 33% of patients, and 15.6% of patients were seizurefree [1]. They are the standard therapies for patients with glucose transporter 1 deficiency syndrome and pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency syndrome [2]. This study hypothesized that the changes in graph-theoretical brain functional connectivity could serve as parameters for evaluating KD effectiveness after receiving it for six months
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