Abstract
ABSTRACT Grapevine (Vitis spp.) is a major vegetative propagated fruit crop with high socioeconomic importance worldwide. It is susceptible to several graft-transmitted agents that cause several diseases and substantial crop losses, reducing fruit quality and plant vigor, and shorten the longevity of vines. The vegetative propagation and frequent exchanges of propagative material among countries contribute to spread these pathogens, favoring the emergence of complex diseases. Its perennial life cycle further accelerates the mixing and introduction of several viral agents into a single plant. Currently, approximately 65 viruses belonging to different families have been reported infecting grapevines, but not all cause economically relevant diseases. The grapevine leafroll, rugose wood complex, leaf degeneration and fleck diseases are the four main disorders having worldwide economic importance. In addition, new viral species and strains have been identified and associated with economically important constraints to grape production. In Brazilian vineyards, eighteen viruses, three viroids and two virus-like diseases had already their occurrence reported and were molecularly characterized. Here, we review the current knowledge of these viruses, report advances in their diagnosis and prospection of new species, and give indications about the management of the associated grapevine diseases.
Highlights
Grapevine (Vitis spp.) is a major crop having a worldwide high socioeconomic importance (CAMARGO et al, 2011; RUIZ, 2011)
All these pathogens are disseminated across long distances by vegetative propagation (MARTELLI, 2014) whereas local plant-to-plant transmission is operated by insect, mite or nematode vectors (MALIOGKA et al, 2015a; MARTELLI, 2014) (Table 1)
There is up or down regulation of several genes involved in critical metabolic pathways, such as biosynthesis of primary or secondary metabolites, signaling, proteins associated with senescence, defense-related genes to biotic or abiotic stress, and vegetative development of the host plants (ESPINOZA et al, 2007; VEGA et al, 2011)
Summary
RESUMO-A videira (Vitis spp.) é propagada vegetativamente e considerada uma das principais culturas frutíferas por sua importância socioeconômica mundial. Ela é suscetível a vários agentes transmitidos por meio da enxertia, os quais causam diversas doenças e significativas perdas na produtividade e produção, redução na qualidade dos frutos, no vigor da planta e na longevidade dos vinhedos. As viroses do enrolamento da folha, complexo do lenho rugoso, degenerescência e mancha-das-nervuras da videira são as quatro principais desordens que têm importância econômica mundial. Novas espécies e estirpes virais foram identificadas e associadas a limitações economicamente importantes para a produção de uvas. Dezoito espécies virais, três viroides e duas doenças semelhantes a viroses já tiveram sua ocorrência reportada e foram molecularmente caracterizados. Termos para indexação: Propagação vegetativa, vírus de plantas, redução da produtividade e produção, qualidade das bagas, sequenciamento de nova geração
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