Abstract
Grapevine (Vitis spp.) is one of the most economically important temperate fruit crops. Grapevine breeding programs require access to high-quality Vitis cultivars and wild species, which may be maintained within genebanks. Shoot tip cryopreservation is a valuable technique for the safe, long-term conservation of Vitis genetic resources that complements traditional field and in vitro germplasm collections. Vitis is highly susceptible to virus infections. Virus-free plants are required as propagation material for clonally propagated germplasm, and also for the global exchange of grapevine genetic resources. Shoot tip cryotherapy, a method based on cryopreservation, has proven to be effective in eradicating viruses from infected plants, including grapevine. This comprehensive review outlines/documents the advances in Vitis shoot tip cryopreservation and cryotherapy that have resulted in healthy plants with high regrowth levels across diverse Vitis species.
Highlights
Grapevines (Vitis spp.) are among the most important fruit crops worldwide, with plantings still expanding
Pathirana et al [16] showed that the pretreatment of donor plantlets with 0.1 mM salicylic acid (SA) resulted in a higher level of shoot regrowth of the cryopreserved shoot tips of four V. vinifera cultivars (Sauvignon blanc, Riesling, Gewurztraminer, and Gruner Veltliner) and two rootstocks—‘Millardet et de Grasset 41B’ (V. vinifera Chasselas × V. berlandieri) and ‘Schwarzmann’ (V. riparia × V. rupestris)
Marković et al [34] found that 100% and 82.4% of the plants of V. vinifera Cabernet Sauvignon and Chardonnay that recovered from PVS2 treatments without freezing in LN were free of GLRaV-3 and Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV), respectively, which is very similar to the 100% and 77.8% virus-free plants recovered after cryopreservation
Summary
Grapevines (Vitis spp.) are among the most important fruit crops worldwide, with plantings still expanding. Grapevine breeding programs require access to high-quality Vitis cultivars and wild species, which may be maintained within genebanks. Field genebanks allow inventories to be observed throughout the year, and provide readily available plant material for use in breeding programs and propagation They are expensive and high maintenance due to their intensive management requirements, and are at risk of losses from attacks by pests and diseases, and environmental disasters [15,16,17]. −185 ◦ C), is being considered as the most safe and cost-effective strategy for the long-term storage of plant genetic resources [15,27] It complements traditional field genebanks and in vitro collections, and overcomes the above-mentioned limitations. This review provides updated and comprehensive information on the development and recent progress of Vitis shoot tip cryopreservation and cryotherapy that resulted in healthy plants with high regrowth levels across diverse Vitis species
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