Abstract
Grapevine rootstocks can affect the nitrogen (N) status of the grafted plant due to discrepancies in their nutrient uptake and their efficiency in the allocation of assimilates. When N becomes a limiting factor, the production of phenolic compounds in grapes is enhanced as a result of a down-regulation of the flavonoid production pathway. However, it is still not fully understood if the impact of rootstocks on fruit and wine composition is mediated by their effect on the vegetative growth and N status of the scion. The main objective of the study was to test if rootstock influence on Pinot noir berry and wine phenolic composition could be related to the N status of the scion. An investigation was carried out on Pinot noir (Vitis vinifera L.) vines grafted onto six rootstocks over three vintages (2012–2014). A micro-scale fermentation technique was used to produce wines from each field replicate. Scions grafted onto SO4, a high vigour rootstock, were characterised by a 15 % higher tannin concentration in berry seed and skin compared to those grafted onto the low vigour Riparia Gloire de Montpellier, while final tannin concentration in wines depended on the rootstock. Anthocyanin concentration was higher in berries of Pinot noir grafted onto R110 compared to 125AA, which was also reflected in the wines. A Multiple Linear Regression analysis suggested that rootstock influence on berry anthocyanins was linked to the N status of scion leaves (higher Leaf NBI_R). Understanding the interaction between the N uptake efficiency of rootstocks and scion berry/wine phenolic composition will help improve the selection of suitable rootstocks that match the desired wine profile.
Highlights
Phylloxera-tolerant rootstocks have been required in European vineyards since the 19th century, representingthe most prolonged use of a biological control strategy against a pest
total soluble solids (TSS) was comparable for the rootstocks, but TA in musts of Pinot noir grafted onto Selection Oppenheim 4 (SO4) was significantly higher by 2 g/L than that of vines grafted onto all the other rootstocks in the trial
The main objective of the study was to test if rootstock has any influence on Pinot noir berry and wine phenolic composition, and, if so, whether it could be related to the N status of the scion
Summary
Phylloxera-tolerant rootstocks have been required in European vineyards since the 19th century, representingthe most prolonged use of a biological control strategy against a pest. Rootstocks provide a root system onto which a scion of a chosen cultivar is grafted. Rootstocks are responsible for water and nutrient uptake, serve as storage organs and are sources for chemical signals to the scion. The influence of rootstocks on the uptake, translocation and partitioning of nitrogen (N) compounds in grapevines has not been well characterised (Delrot et al, 2020). Some studies have suggested that rootstocks could affect N uptake and CO2 assimilation (Candolfi-Vasconcelos et al, 1994; Lecourt et al, 2015). It has been shown that different rootstock genotypes may regulate root system growth and architecture differently to optimise nutrient uptake in response to N availability (Cochetel et al, 2019)
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