Abstract
A “green” solvent-free industrial process (patent pending) is here described for a grape seed extract (GSE) preparation (Ecovitis™) obtained from selected seeds of Veneto region wineries, in the northeast of Italy, by water and selective tangential flow filtration at different porosity. Since a comprehensive, non-ambiguous characterization of GSE is still a difficult task, we resorted to using an integrated combination of gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and electrospray ionization high resolution mass spectrometry (ESI-HRMS). By calibration of retention time and spectroscopic quantification of catechin as chromophore, we succeeded in quantifying GPC polymers up to traces at n = 30. The MS analysis carried out by the ESI-HRMS method by direct-infusion allows the detection of more than 70 species, at different polymerization and galloylation, up to n = 13. This sensitivity took advantage of the nanoscale shotgun approach, although paying the limit of missed separation of stereoisomers. GPC and MS approaches were remarkably well cross-validated by overlapping results. This simple integrated analytical approach has been used for quality control of the production of Ecovitis™. The emerging feature of Ecovitis™ vs. a popular benchmark in the market, produced by a different technology, is the much lower content of species at low n and the corresponding increase of species at high n.
Highlights
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This paper describes the setting up and the analytical characterization of a new grape seed extract (EcovitisTM) featuring low monomeric catechins content and a high concentration of oligo-polymeric procyanidins
The grape seed extract (GSE) EcovitisTM was produced as described under the Methods from grape pomaces
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Vitis vinifera L. is the most known of the about 900 species present in the Vitaceae family and is the most important in terms of commercial utilization, mostly based on the use of the fruits and/or their parts (seeds and skins) in the food and medicinal markets. Grape seed extracts (GSEs) containing variable amounts of polyphenols and so-called oligomeric proanthocyanidins (PACs) have been investigated in several health conditions, including cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) prevention, chronic venous insufficiency (CVI). The leaves, even if for a lesser extent, are traditionally used for medicinal purposes [11,12] Several clinical studies are available, depicting their efficacy [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10].
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