Abstract
Observational studies indicate that the intake of polyphenol-rich foods improves vascular health, thereby significantly reducing the risk of hypertension and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyse the remained potential of grape by-products from important Rhône Valley red wine cultivars: Grenache, Syrah, Carignan, Mourvèdre and Alicante. For that, six different extracts from grape pomaces, selected by their antioxidant activity, were studied in vivo during six weeks with spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Extracts used in SHR1, SHR2 and SHR6 groups presented a « rebound effect » on systolic blood pressure, whereas the other extracts do not change it significantly. The bioavailability of Grenache (GRE1) (EA70) seed pomace extract (SHR1 group), Mouvendre (MOU) (EA70) skin pomace extract (SHR5 group) and Alicante (ALI) (EA70) skin pomace extract (SHR6 group) was studied by High Performance Liquid Chromatography with Photodiode Array detector and Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometer (HPLC-PDA-ESI-MSn) in urine, plasma and tissues to search differences on the metabolism of the different extracts intake.
Highlights
Polyphenols are the most abundant and ubiquitous secondary metabolites present in the plant kingdom with more than 8000 phenolic structures currently known
The antioxidant capacity of pomace extracts was assessed by ABTS radical cation (ABTS+ ), DPPH, Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Potential (FRAP) and Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) test as it is described in previous studies [25]
In order to evaluate the in vivo effect of grape pomace extracts and their potential effect on hypertension, rats were fed with different grape pomace EA70 extracts at a dose of 21 mg/kg/day, equivalent to a daily dose of 70 kg human consumption of 0.5 L of wine
Summary
Polyphenols are the most abundant and ubiquitous secondary metabolites present in the plant kingdom with more than 8000 phenolic structures currently known. These compounds play an important role in plant growth and reproduction, providing protection against biotic and abiotic stress such as pathogen and insect attack, ultra violet (UV) radiation and wounding [1,2]. Dietary intake of (poly)phenols has been estimated to be about 1 g/day [3]. Their intake is 10 times greater than that of vitamin C and 100 times that of vitamin E or the carotenoids [4]. Several studies have focused their attention on the components of red wine (mainly polyphenols and especially resveratrol) since the so-called “French paradox”
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