Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of high fat diet with or without grape juice during the pregnancy on gestational weight gain, biochemical parameters, and oxidative stress in plasma and liver from Wistar rats. Forty-nine rats were divided into four groups: control diet group (CD), high fat diet (HFD), grape juice and control diet (PGJCD), and grape juice and high fat diet (PGJHFD). During the treatment the weight gain of the rats was tracked. They had free access to their respective diets during 42 days of treatment. After offspring weaning, the mother rats were euthanized and blood and liver were collected. The high fat diet increased the total cholesterol and triglycerides serum levels as well as carbonyl levels in the liver, however this diet reduced the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and urea levels in serum. Grape juice consumption reduced gestational body weight gain. In liver, the juice consumption increased sulfhydryl levels and reduced the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and TBARS level, in serum the consumption reduced aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and TBARS. We can conclude that the consumption of a diet rich in fat can promotes harmful effects on health during pregnancy, however the consumption of grape juice seems to be an important alternative to prevent oxidative damages and to promote the improvement of health.
Highlights
Pregnancy is a process that causes various changes in the maternal physiological state, since this is necessary due to the greater demand for nutrients essential for proper fetal development [1].A hyperlipidic diet is defined by the above average fat intake of 30 to 45% of the total daily calories [2].There is a relationship already evidenced in epidemiological studies, as well as in the animal model, that the consumption of a diet rich before and during gestation promoted the development of metabolic disorders, such as adipogenesis, stimulation of chronic inflammation, and oxidative cellular imbalance, factors associated with gestational obesity [3,4]
Considering the high fat diet is a common choice in this population, and deleterious effects were already observed [7,22], associated with the findings about the health benefits from grape juice consumption, this study aims to evaluate the gestational weight gain, biochemical profile, and parameters of EO in the serum and liver of Wistar rats
The total phenolic compounds of grapevine Vitis labrusca L. were quantified by Folin-Ciocalteau and the majority compounds were identified by high-performance chromatography (HPLC) with pure standards of resveratrol, catechin, epicatechin, naringin, gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, and ferulic acid (Table 2)
Summary
Pregnancy is a process that causes various changes in the maternal physiological state, since this is necessary due to the greater demand for nutrients essential for proper fetal development [1]. There is a relationship already evidenced in epidemiological studies, as well as in the animal model, that the consumption of a diet rich before and during gestation promoted the development of metabolic disorders, such as adipogenesis, stimulation of chronic inflammation, and oxidative cellular imbalance, factors associated with gestational obesity [3,4]. Excess weight gain during pregnancy may be associated with gestational diabetes, birth difficulties, and even health risks to the fetus during the perinatal period into adult life [5]. Studies showed that paternal and maternal obesity increase the chance of breast cancer in female offspring [6,7,8]. As a consequence of these and other modifications, pregnant women, mainly obese ones, are more exposed to deleterious actions that free radicals (FR) and/or reactive species (RE) can cause in an Beverages 2018, 4, 78; doi:10.3390/beverages4040078 www.mdpi.com/journal/beverages
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