Abstract
Introduction: Granulomatous lesions in various sites have different modes of presentation, different etiologic factors with identical histological patterns. The aim was to study the occurrence of granulomatous lesions at uncommon sites. Materials and methods: A retrospective study of histopathological specimens received over a period of one year from June 2017 to May 2018 was done and cases of granulomatous lesions of various sites reported on histopathological examination were reviewed along with Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) and Fite-Faraco (FF) staining. Results: Out of total 3623 histopathology specimens, 61 (1.7%) were granulomatous lesions of which 28 (45.9%) were AFB (Acid-fast bacilli) positive. 20 cases (32.7%) were granulomatous lymphadenitis out of which 12 (19.6%) were positive for AFB. 4 (6.5%) out of 13 (21.3%) granulomatous skin lesions showed AFB positivity. 6 (9.8%) cases of granulomatous mastitis (1 was AFB +ve), 4(6.5%) cases of granulomatous synovitis (2 were AFB +ve), 3 (4.9%) cases of granulomatous endometritis (2 were AFB+ve) were seen. 2 (3.3%) cases each of granulomatous epididymitis and appendicitis were noted. 1(1.6%) case of HIV positive hysterectomy specimen showed positivity for AFB. 1 (1.6%) case each of granulomatous lesions was found in the salivary gland, thyroid, testis, parietal pleura, nasal septum, suture granuloma of the fallopian tube, lipoma with foreign body granuloma, sinus tract, intestine, and omentum. Conclusion: In the present study tuberculosis was the most common cause of granulomatous lesions of various sites. Histopathology plays an important role in the diagnosis and management of a variety of granulomatous lesions. Special stains play a vital role in the diagnosis of infectious granulomatous lesions.
Highlights
Granulomatous lesions in various sites have different modes of presentation, different etiologic factors with identical histological patterns
Materials and methods: A retrospective study of histopathological specimens received over a period of one year from June 2017 to May 2018 was done and cases of granulomatous lesions of various sites reported on histopathological examination were reviewed along with Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) and Fite-Faraco (FF) staining
Histopathology plays an important role in the diagnosis and management of a variety of granulomatous lesions
Summary
Granulomatous lesions in various sites have different modes of presentation, different etiologic factors with identical histological patterns. Granulomas usually form as a result of the persistence of a nondegradable product or as the result of hypersensitivity responses It involves a complex interplay between invading organism or antigen, chemical, drug or other irritants, prolonged antigenemia, macrophage activity, a T helper (Th1) cell response, B cell overactivity, circulating immune complexes and a vast array of biological mediators [2]. It is formed as a protective mechanism when an acute inflammatory process cannot destroy invading agents [3]. Excess of Th1 relative to Th2 cells leads to cellmediated hyperactivity, tissue destruction, and granuloma formation [2]
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