Abstract
Two new steroid glycosides, granulatosides D (1) and E (2), belonging to the group of bi- and monoglycosides of polyhydroxysteroids, respectively, were isolated from the ethanolic extract of the starfish Choriaster granulatus along with thirteen previously known glycosides of polyhydroxysteroids (3–15) and one steroid heptaol (16). The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by extensive NMR and ESIMS techniques. Cytotoxic and immunomodulatory activities of compounds 1, 3–8, and 10–16 using murine splenocytes and peritoneal macrophages were studied. At a dose of 0.1 μM new glycoside 1 showed immunomodulatory properties, increasing the intracellular ROS (reactive oxygen species) level in peritoneal murine macrophages by 20% and decreasing intracellular ROS level by 21% in pre-treated with endotoxic lipopolysaccharide from E. coli (LPS) peritoneal macrophages.
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