Abstract
The transition from dilute flow to dense flow of a granular system in a vertical pipe, controlled by an electric field E, is studied. Depending upon its initial state and the applied field voltage the controlled flow rate remains in two phases, dilute flow or dense flow. For dilute flow, the electric field has no effect on the flow rate until V reaches a critical value V1. At V = V1, the flow rate drops abruptly and a transition of the particulate from dilute to dense flow occurs. For dense flow, the flow rate decreases monotonically with increasing V. A comparison of the flow rate controlled by directly changing the opening size is given. Similar behavior is observed. A 3-dimensional phase diagram with outflow rate, inflow rate and opening size as its three axes is also presented.
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