Abstract
AbstractHampton Roads Sanitation District recently initiated an indirect potable reuse project to recharge the Potomac Aquifer in southeastern Virginia, USA. Source control and granular activated carbon (GAC) treatment are employed to minimize per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) content in this water. Final purified water maintained low long‐chain perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs; <8 ppt sum of PFOA, PFNA, PFDA, PFHxS, PFOS) and moderately low short‐chain PFAAs (<118 ppt of sum PFBA, PFPeA, PFHxA, PFHpA, PFBS). High mobility of low concentrations of five PFAS (PFBS, PFPeA, PFHxA, PFHpA, PFOA) in the Potomac Aquifer was observed. Despite low concentrations relative to current guidelines, PFAS breakthrough and mobility support strict source control and the use of surrogates like total organic carbon to guide GAC operation at the installation.Article Impact StatementSource control and granular activated carbon operation targeting 4 mg/L total organic carbon in effluent maintained low per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances concentrations in indirect potable reuse water.
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Disclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.