Granger Causality Approach to Examining Stock Market Integration in West Africa.

Eseosa David Obadiaru,Olusegun Barnabas Obasaju,Adebayo John Oloyede,Alex Ehimare Omankhanlen

doi:10.32861/jssr.spi5.563.570

Abstract

Stock markets have been found to be increasingly interdependent overtime due to activities related to internationalization, diversification, integration, and globalization. This study assesses the lead/lag interactions between equity markets in the West Africa viz a viz the United States (US) and the United Kingdom (UK) markets. Stock market index data were analyzed from 2008 - 2016 using the Granger causality test. Findings from the study indicates both uni-directional and bi-directional causality between most of the market pairs implying that none of the market exists in autarky.

Highlights

Modern society is characterized by virtualization of social activities and interpersonal relations
The experiment with the students of the Law Faculty consisted of using elements of flipped learning in foreign language classes in order to improve the quality of mastering program materials
To increase the motivation of students it was necessary to make more attractive content, more interactive learning process, individualize training and to take into account the level of complexity of assignments depending on the level of foreign language proficiency, to use such kind of home tasks, the failure of which would greatly complicate the work in the classroom, to conduct oral input control for the performance of the homework and to develop creative tasks and diversify forms of control

Summary

Introduction

Modern society is characterized by virtualization of social activities and interpersonal relations. Information and communication technologies are abundantly used in economic, management, medicine and cultural spheres. The implementation of digital technologies into learning process leads to the reconsideration of traditional methods and technologies of education. Teacher is far not the only source of information nowadays. To improve the quality of education it is necessary to implement new learning approaches more adopted for the needs of students. If previously the main aim of training was the mastery of a certain amount of knowledge, nowadays the development of thinking, mind and personal qualities of students by means of a specific training subject is at the forefront (Faina et al, 2017)

Objectives

Methods

Results

Conclusion