Grand Isle Barrier Island, Louisiana--Human Activity in Natural Dynamic System: ABSTRACT

Abstract

Grand Isle, Louisiana, is a recently formed barrier End_Page 1692------------------------------ island developed by the marine reworking of the seaward edge of the Lafourche delta, the last major deltaic deposit laid down by the Mississippi River prior to the development of its present delta. Marine reworking of the deltaic front provides sediment which is moved northeasterly and northwesterly away from the deltaic front by longshore currents to form barrier spits and chains of barrier islands, such as Isles Dernieres on the west and Grand Isle-Grand Terre Islands. Grand Isle became a subaerial deposit about 700 years ago and began to lengthen and grow southeasterly by ridge accretion. Its shape and location are controlled primarily by interaction of the longshore currents in the surf zone and the tidal-pass currents that interrupt them. Changes in the tidal channels, such as position or depth, drastically affect the action of the longshore currents. This has been dramatically shown at Grand Isle during 1970. High winds in the summer of 1970 and Hurricane Camille in 1969 deepened and changed the location of the tidal channels northeast and southwest of the island. As a result, accelerated erosion at the island's southwest end has removed several acres of a state park, moved the Gulf shoreline inland 300 ft, and caused the loss or removal of seve al beachfront homes. The causeway to the island and a large marina are threatened. Government money has been made available for jetty construction and for eventual sand-pumping operations to reduce erosion and restore the beach. Destruction of the Lafourche delta and construction of the ephemeral and migrating barrier islands on its flanks provided sites attractive for development by man. The desire for permanency of the developed sites is in conflict with the natural dynamic shoreline processes. End_of_Article - Last_Page 1693------------