Grammatical Positions of Focuser Like Among Native English-Speaking Undergraduate Students

Basim Alamri

doi:10.5296/ijl.v12i6.17968

Abstract

Discourse markers (DMs) are used in everyday conversations to serve different meanings and functions. The present exploratory study investigated grammatical positions of focuser like among 60 undergraduate native-English-speaking students at a midwestern university in the United States. Students were asked to read and place focuser like in this sentence: “We have to read five chapters for the final exam”. Then students were required to indicate a degree of acceptability of the placement of like at every possible position in sentences that contained the discourse marker like in 10 different grammatical positions. The results showed that students preferred inserting the DM like before a noun phrase, at the beginning of a sentence, and before a verb phrase, respectively. In terms of gender, females frequently posited focuser like before a sentence, whereas males placed it before a noun phrase. Also, the discourse marker like does not occur within auxiliary. Finally, this study draws conclusions about different grammatical positions and broader usages of discourse marker focuser like among younger students.

Highlights

In any daily conversations, some people, especially younger adults, tend to insert words or phrases that may serve different functions, such as like, you know, um, ah (Dailey-O‟Cain, 2000)
Students were required to indicate a degree of acceptability of the placement of like at every possible position in sentences that contained the discourse marker like in 10 different grammatical positions
The results showed that students preferred inserting the Discourse markers (DMs) like before a noun phrase, at the beginning of a sentence, and before a verb phrase, respectively

Summary

Introduction

Some people, especially younger adults, tend to insert words or phrases that may serve different functions, such as like, you know, um, ah (Dailey-O‟Cain, 2000). This is called Discourse Markers (DMs), where they are rarely found in prepared or rehearsed speeches, but rarely absent in conversations (Fox Tree & Schrock, 1999). Underhill (1987) divided the use of word like in sentences into two parts: grammatical or standard and ungrammatical or nonstandard like As for the former, it basically means that the word like has a meaning such as in „I like the concert last week’. It has different meanings and functions depending on its position in the sentence

Methods

Results

Conclusion