Abstract
Grammar constitutes not only part of one’s knowledge but also a central component of verbal communication for people who are using language. When speakers use language without using grammar (i.e. the rules regarding how words alter their form and combine with other words to create sentences), it can cause a muddle and also possibly, problems in communication such as grammatical deviation. This present study examines a speech at the APEC CEO Summit in 2014 by President Joko Widodo, from the perspective of grammatical deviation with two foci, via: to find out the types of grammatical deviation spoken by the speaker by employing Leech’s views (1969)and to identify the speaker’s social status by employing the theory of Trudgill (2004). The result from this study shows that some of President Joko Widodo’s speech deviated from the rules, although based on Fromkin et al. (2011)when a person knows a language; he knows the sounds, words and the rules of their combination.
Highlights
Language can be viewed both as the center for studies in linguistics and as a system of communications for people that consists of the structured arrangement of sounds into larger units, i.e. morphemes, words, sentences and utterances as well
Some of President Jokowi’s (PJ’s) words are in the samples below: (a) I was a businessman a years ago (b) The picture show you our map of Indonesia (c) We have 17 thousand island (d) A lot of investor when they come to me (e) But it stop 8 years ago
A closer look at these samples seems to show that by adding morpheme -s to Lexical morphemes (LMs) ‘year’ as a noun, by dropping morpheme -s to LM ‘show’ as a verb, to LM ‘island’ as a noun, to LM ‘investor’ as a noun, and by dropping morpheme -ed to LM ‘stop’ as a verb lead us to deal with these items as morphological foregrounding, : (a)* ... a years ago → a year ago (b)* The picture show → the picture shows (c)* ... 17 thousand island → 17 thousand islands (d)* A lot of investor → a lot of investors (e)* ... it stop 8 years ago → it stopped 8 years ago
Summary
Language can be viewed both as the center for studies in linguistics and as a system of communications for people that consists of the structured arrangement of sounds into larger units, i.e. morphemes, words, sentences and utterances as well. In language use there are undeniably some components of the linguistics subfields used to construct sentences like phonology (studies regarding the sound system of language), morphology (studies of the word formation process mainly through the construction of morphemes), and syntax (the study of sentence structure). The process of forming a sentence in a language goes from a string of sounds, to vowel with consonants and vice versa, as phonology elements form morphemes which constitute the minimal. The BM -ment can’t provide obvious sense unless it is joined with FM move
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