Gramine and zingerone mitigates neuroinflammation related depressive behaviour induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress in rat

Abstract

Depression is a serious mental illness characterised by sadness, a depressed mood, and anhedonia. It is also associated with oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers. The chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) model mimics this type of depression. The effects of zingerone (Zn) and gramine (Ga) on CUMS types of depression have not yet been studied, and the effect of drugs on neuroinflammation is also not clear. So we conducted this study. Induction of depression by different stressor procedures after 60 minutes of Zn (75, 125, and 250 mg/kg), Ga (13, 27.5, and 55 mg/kg), and Ecitalopra (15 mg/kg) given daily to rats for successive 21 days The sucrose preference (SP) test and the force swim test (FST) were used to evaluate antidepressant behavioural studies. Observation of the SP test showed a decrease in consumption of sucrose water in the stressor group, with treatment Zn and Ga showing an increase in consumption of sucrose water. In the stressor group, FST immobility time was prolonged; higher doses of Ga and Zn lowered FST immobility time significantly. Treatment with Ga and Zn successfully restored the stressor group's high MDA level and decreased GSH level. The neurotransmitter 5-HT declined in the stressor group, while Ga (27.5, 55 mg/kg) dosages significantly raised it. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were pro-inflammatory cytokines that increased in the stressor group, whereas Ga and Zn both dropped these levels at higher doses. We assumed Zingerone and Gramine were good antidepressants against the CUMS depression model.