Gram-negative enteric rods/Pseudomonas colonization in mucositis and peri-implantitis of implants restored with cemented and screwed reconstructions: A cross-sectional study.

Abstract

To evaluate the association between Gram-negative enteric rods and Pseudomonas with mucositis and peri-implantitis, in implants restored with cemented and screw-retained reconstructions. Individuals treated with implants, diagnosed with peri-implant mucositis and or peri-implantitis, participated in this study. Microbiota from the implant and the gingival sulcus of two neighboring teeth were also studied. The microorganisms were identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. A total of 52 and 51 implants cemented and screwed restored were evaluated in 31 patients. The presence of Gram-negative enteric rods/Pseudomonas (P = .01) was significantly higher in the cemented restored implants. When the unit of analysis was the implant, the presence of Gram-negative enteric rods/Pseudomonas was associated with cemented restored implants after adjustment for possible confounders (odds ratio [OR] = 3.7; 95% CI, 1.4-10; P = .01); besides, peri-implantitis was statistically significant in the multivariate model (P = .008). Considering the patient as a unit of analysis, peri-implantitis was associated with cemented restored implants (OR = 9.4; 95% CI, 2-46; P = .006); this statistically significant association remained after adjusting for potential confounders (OR = 6.8; 95% CI, 1.3-37; P = .02). The presence of Gram-negative enteric rods/Pseudomonas was associated with cemented restored implants; besides, peri-implantitis was associated with cemented restored implants.