Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate direct and indirect effects of agronomic traits importance on grain yield with focus in pre-harvest sprouting. Experiment was conducted in 2017 crop season, and conducted in a randomized block design, with three replications, with eight wheat cultivars (BRS Sábia, CD 105, CD 1104, CD 1440, Frontana, Jadeíte 11, Mirante and ORS Vintecinco). Grain yield and its components were evaluated, as well as other important traits such as pre-harvest sprouting. Data were submitted to variance analysis; and phenotypic, genotypic and environmental correlations were estimated to understand grain yield expression, direct and indirect effects of its components were evaluated through path analysis. Cultivar BRS Sabiá showed shorter cycle, cultivar CD 1104 was highlighted in number of spikes per area, hectoliter weight and grain yield. And cultivars Frontana, CD 1440 and ORS Vintecinco presented the best tolerances pre-harvest sprouting. Grain yield showed high and positive phenotypic and genotypic correlations with number of ears per square meter. Furthermore, high positive direct effect of pre-harvest sprouting on grain yield, revels lower tolerance for cultivars with high grain yield. Number of spikes per square meter showed intermediate and positive direct effect and pre-harvest sprouting had the greatest direct effect on grain yield.
Highlights
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the main cereals produced in Brazil and in the world (USDA, 2018)
Analysis of variance revealed significant difference among cultivars studied for traits days of emergence to heading (DEH), days of emergence to maturity (DEM), plant height (PH), TWG, number of spikes per square meter (NEM), hectoliter weight (HW), pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) and grain yield (GY), on the other hand spike weight (SW) and spike grain weight (SGW) did not present a significant difference
According to results presented in (Table 1), cultivar BRS Sabiá, launched in 2013, can be highlighted, which presented the lowest values for DEH, DEM and PH
Summary
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the main cereals produced in Brazil and in the world (USDA, 2018). Wheat grain yield and grain end-use quality, reduction in grain sale price is observed when pre-harvest sprouting occurs. The pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) of wheat refers to the germination of wheat grains in matured spikes before harvest due to continuous wet weather during harvest seasons (Mares & Mrva, 2014). For the germination of the seeds that occur in several complex biochemical processes controlled by genetic factors, these are influenced by environmental and at the same time water availability factors and are directly related to the seed dormancy level (Das et al, 2017). For a wheat cultivar does not present any degree of seed dormancy or any genetic or morphological mechanism that confers tolerance to PHS, occurring conditions of humidity and temperature, will occur the PHS
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