Grain size dependant high-temperature hot corrosion (HTHC) degradation behavior in Alloy 617 during exposure in Na2SO4 + NaCl + V2O5 salt mixture

Abstract

In the present investigation, the implication of grain size on the high-temperature hot corrosion (HTHC) response in Alloy 617 is studied. Towards this, specific thermal and thermo-mechanical processing schedules were employed to attain a wide range of grain sizes (7–70 µm), while maintaining other microstructural features like Σ3 n (n ≤ 3) boundary fraction, retained strain, and precipitate fraction nearly at constant. Subsequently, these specimens were exposed to Na 2 SO 4 + NaCl + V 2 O 5 (75 wt% + 20 wt% + 5 wt%) salt mixture at 1273 K for 24 h. Post-corrosion analyses reveal the formation of a highly porous and thick oxide scale on the as-received (AR) specimen (~32 µm), a relatively less porous and non-uniform oxide scale on the very coarse-grained specimen (~70 µm), and a homogeneous and dense Cr-rich scale on the very fine-grained microstructure (~7 µm). Such a protective scale on the very fine-grained specimen, developed due to the enhanced diffusivity of Cr, obstructs the entry of corrodents and thereby minimizes the percolation depth (~60 µm). The percolation depth is relatively higher (~130 µm) in the very coarse-grained specimen due to the development of a porous and non-uniform oxide scale. However, its percolation depth is still lower than the AR specimen (~ 305 µm), because of the reduced grain boundary area available for the diffusion of the corrosive species into the substrate. The AR specimen has exhibited the maximum percolation depth due to the simultaneous presence of fine and coarse grains, leading to the failure of both the aforementioned resistive mechanisms i.e., the accelerated formation of a protective Cr-rich scale and lesser availability of diffusion paths for the ingression of the corrosive species. • Very fine and very coarse-grained microstructures are resistant to HTHC damage. • AR specimen with inhomogeneous grain size distribution underwent maximum damage. • Grain refinement accelerates Cr-oxide formation that blocks entry of corrodants. • Grain coarsening decreases the channels for ingression of corrodants into the alloy. • Inhomogeneous grain size distribution in AR fails to activate resistive mechanisms.