Abstract
Adverse factors cause a decrease in the productive potential of crops. For soybean [(Glycine max (L.) Merrill], the excessive growth is a factor that results in plants with low effective efficiency. Thus, plants with an architecture that favours greater interception of solar radiation and deposition of pesticides tend to be more productive. The objective of this study is to evaluate the different application of lactofen, which is used as a growth inhibitor, improve the productive efficiency of soybeans by increasing the biological activity of the leaves. The study was conducted in the field with soybean cultivars NA 5909 RG and BMX Potência RR. The experiment followed a randomized complete block design with four treatments and five replicates: T1: control; T2: application of 140 g a.i ha-1 of lactofen in phenological stage V3; T3: application of 140 g a.i ha-1 of lactofen in phenological stage V6; and T4: application of 70 g a.i ha-1 of lactofen in phenological stage V3 + 70 g a.i ha-1 of lactofen in phenological stage V6. The interception of photosynthetically active radiation in the lower layer increased in all treatments. Lactofen application increased the percent area covered and the number of phytosanitary products spray droplets per cm² in the middle and lower layers of the plants. The lower third of the plants experienced the greatest effect of the treatments with regard to the number of pods, grains and grain weight, with treatment T2 presenting significant increases. The use of lactofen as a growth inhibitor at the beginning of pod development in soybean caused changes to plant architecture and root development, consequently enhanced the productive efficiency of the plant, primarily due to increased grain production in the lower layer. Future research using lactofen in different phenological stages and cultivars may provide more insights in to the performance of this growth inhibitor in soybean.
Highlights
The main oilseed produced in the world is the soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill], providing source of protein to the animal feed and in human diet [1]
The objective of this study is to evaluate the different application of lactofen, which is used as a growth inhibitor, improve the productive efficiency of soybeans by increasing the biological activity of the leaves
Means followed by lowercase letters in the same column do not differ at a p>0,05 by the Duncan test. ns: Non-significant
Summary
The main oilseed produced in the world is the soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill], providing source of protein to the animal feed and in human diet [1]. A number of adverse factors like biotic and abiotic stress, environmental adversities, genetic potential, physiological condition, and others cause a decrease in the productive capacity of soybean plants, including excessive growth, which results in plants with low productive efficiency [2]. This reduction in grain productive efficiency is primarily caused by low photosynthetic activity, which itself is mainly related to canopy-shading, especially in the lower layer of the plants. To yield loss due to canopy-shading, it is difficult to control diseases and pests due to the difficulty of pesticides reaching all the leaves during the spraying [4]
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